Network Port Classifications & Security Basics
Network port numbers (0 to 65535) route packets to specific applications on an operating system. IANA standardizes three distinct ranges:
- 知名公认端口 (Well-Known Ports · 0 ~ 1023)：Assigned to foundational protocols (HTTP 80, HTTPS 443, SSH 22). Requires administrative root privileges to bind.
- 注册端口 (Registered Ports · 1024 ~ 49151)：Assigned to commercial and open-source applications (MySQL 3306, Redis 6379, Postgres 5432).
- 动态私有端口 (Dynamic / Ephemeral Ports · 49152 ~ 65535)：Temporarily assigned by the operating system for outbound client connections.